Radius, fracture of. 190, 192 Ranula, 432 Rarefaction of bone, 316 Raynaud's disease. 311 Reaction after injuries and operations. 24 of degeneration, 86 Rectum, cancer of, 616 • examination of. 611 foreign bodies in, 177 • • neuralgia of. 618 nsevus of. 612 • prolapso of. 609 sarcoma of. 617 stricture of. 615 tnmoure of. 616 Rectum, ulcers of, 614 Rectus, contracted, simulating tumour, 502 Redness as a diagnostic sign, 16 Reduction en bloc. 598 Reflexes in injuries of spinal cord, 102 Reflex trismus, 391 Renal calculus, 698 colic, 545 Retention of urine, 679 Retroperitoneal lumour. 512, 522 Retropharyngeal abscess 439, 459 Rliagades. 419 digitorum, 715 Rheumatism, 467 articular, acute, 337 Rhinitis, atrophic, 427 hypertrophic. 426 vaso-motor, 426 Rhinoscopy, jjosterior, 424 Rib, cervical, 460 Ribs, fracture of, 132 Richter's hernia, 597 Rickets, 320 scurvy-, 321 Rickety skull. 370 Rider's bone. 672 siM-ain. 672 Riedel's lobe, tumour of, 503 Rodent ulcer. 257, 297, 415 Rontgen rays (sec X-rays) Rupia, 294 Rupture of aneurysm, 238. 282 of bladder, 174 of diaphragm. 157 ■ of gall-bladder, 545 of hepatic abscess, 545 of intestine, 156 of kidney, 155 of vessels of thorax. 136 of ligaments, 45, 4 6 of liver, 154 of lung. 155 • of muscle. 47 of oesophagus. 444 of ovarian cyst. 158 of plantaris. 210 of small intestine. 156 of spleen. 155 of stomach. 156 of toudo Achillis. 210 of trachea. 121 of ureter. 164 of utci-ns, 158 INDEX 733 Rupture of vas defereus, 174 of vein, 50 Kuptured tubal gestation, 542 Sacculated aneurysm, 280 Sacc-ulus of bladder-, 691 Sacral tumour, congenital, 410 Sacro-cocoygeal joint, disease of, 406 Sacro-iliac joint, disease of, 351 Salivary calculus, 432 cysts, 417 ■ fistula. 113, 416 Saphena vein, varix of, 669 Saprjemia, 26 Sarcoma, 260 • central, of bono, 327 of abdominal wall, 493 of breast. 486 of ephipliyses, 343 of law, 389 of kidney, 703 of liver, 514 of muscle, 267 of nasal fossa, 423 of rectum, 617 of spermatic cord, 662 periosteal, 325 Sartorius bursitis. 358 Scald of larynx, 127 Scapula, dislocation of, 182 Scars, affections of, 69 Schistosoma, haemorrhage due to, 683 Schlatter's disease, 211 Scirrhous carcinoma. 487 varieties of, 489 Scoliosis, 403 Sclerosis, syphilitic. 450 Scrotal swellings. 638. 641 diagnostic, puncture of. 654 Scrotum, elephantiasis of, 633 gangrene of. 636 injuries of, 178 lymph, 633 ■ (i'd<'ina of. 632 redness of, 631 Scrotum, tumours of, 632 ulcers of, 534 Scurvy, 381 Scurvy-rickets, 321 Sebaceous cysts (see Cysts, sebaceous) Semilunar cartilage, displacement of, 207, 356 Semimembranosus bursitis, 358 Senile gangrene, 310 Sensation, alteration of, 11 deep, 52 epicritic, 52 protopathic, 51 Sensory areas, 88 Separation of epiphyses, 41 Septic gangrene, 309 Septicaemia, 27 Septum, nasal, deflected. 423, 428 Serous cavity, wounds of, 61 cysts, 325 Shock, 20 in abdominal contusions, 152 Shoulder-joint, ankylosis of, 361 diseases of, 345 dislocation of, 183 ■ fracture of, 184 Sinus (pathological), examination of. 299 coccygeal, 407 ethmoidal, disease of, 426 frontal, disease of, 425 in abdominal wall, 492 in groin, 664 in gum, 382 maxillary, disease of, 386, 422, 425, 426 . thrombosis, 98. 379 infetive, 98 Sinuses, air, diseases of, 422 Skin, trophic changes in, 52 tumours of, 256 Skull, contusions of, 78 fracture of, 78 of base of. 81 infraction of, 78 injuries of vault of, 77 rickety, 370 tunKuirs of, 369 Soot wart, 634 Sore (see Chancre) Spermatic cord, hydrocele of, 642 inflammation of, 661 lipoma of, 661 ' swellings of, 641 734 INDEX Spermatic cysts, 643 Spermatocele, 645 Spina bifida, 409 false, 410 occulta, 407 Spinal cord and nerves, injury of, 100 lifematomy-elia in, 101 . h £6 m a t o r - rliaochis in, 101 incontinence of faeces in, 105 of urine in, 104 irritative symptoms in, 106 — meningitis in, 101 priapism in, 104 reflexes in, 102 compression of, 406 • tumours of, 411 ■ n»ivus, 410 Spine, abscess of, 402 angular curvature of, 402 bones and joints of, condition of, 399 — carcinoma of, 407 caries of. 111, 402 ■ coverings of, 393 curves of, 394 deformity of, 400 • examination of muscles of, 397 hysterical, 398 , 4 0 5 lateral curvature of, 403 movements of, 395 nerve lesions in disease of, 405 symptoms in disease of, 399 ■ occupation curve of, 201 osteo-myelitis of, acute, 549 rachitic, 401 • sensitiveness of, 397 sprain of, 111 tuberculosis of, 402, 405 tuberculous abscess of, 402 — — tumouij^ of, 408 ■ ■ wounds of, 112 Spirochajta pallida (see Spiro- uema i)allidum) Spironema pallidum, detection of, 622 Spleen, rupture of, 155 torsion of, 546 ■ tumours of, 505, 517 wandering, 517 Splintered fracture, 43 Spondylitis defoi'mans, 401 Spondylolisthesis, 403 Spontaneous fracture, 42, 317 gangrene, 309 Sprain, 45 Stab in neck, 119 Stasis, cecal, 582 Stenosis of colon, 579 pyloric, 575 Stenson's duct, wound of, 113 Sternum, fracture of, 131 Still's disease, 341 Stomach, carcinoma of, 576 dilated, 510, 5 7 6, 585 hour-glass, 576 rupture of, 156 ulcer of, 541, 574 Strangulated hernia, 551 Stricture of anus, 607 of oesophagus, 442, 444 of pharynx, 442 of rectum, 610 • of urethra, 688 Subastragaloid dislocations, 213 Subclavian aneurysm, 463 Subdural abscess, 98 Sublingual cyste, 432 Submammary abscess, 480 Submucous fibroma of mouth, 432 Subpectoral abscess, 145 Subphrenic abscess, 587 Subungual exostosis, 715 Suppurative appendicitis, 541 SuiJramammary abscess, 481 Suprapatellar bursitis, 357 Surgical emphysema, 35, 130 fevers, 25 Sutures, cranial, separation of, 79 Swellings (sec Tumours) Synostosis, 360. 599 Synovial cavity, wound of, 61 cysts, 344 membrane, lesion of, 45 sheath, wound of, 61 Synovitis, aculp. 535 p.vsemic. 556 serous, 534 INDEX 735 Synovitis, serous, chroouic, 340 syphilitic, 338 traumatic, 46 tuberculous, 340 Syphilis, 4 of anus, 608 of bone, 321, 323 of lips, 414 of sole of foot. 715 of tongue, 450, 45 2 (sec also Chancre; Gum- ma; Gummatous ar- thritis; Syphilitic) Syphilitic dactylitis, 710 osteo-myelitis, 367 sclerosis, 450 synovitis, 338 ulcer, 294. 431 Tabes dorsalis, gastric crises in. 548 Tabs, anal, 608 Talipes, varieties of, 713 Tarsus, ankylosis of, 363 disease of, 716 Taxis, effects of, on strangu- lated hernia. 597 Teeth, molar, absence of, 573 Temporo - mandibular joint, diseases of, 390 Tendo-Achillis bursitis, 359 rupture of, 210 Tendon, dislocation of, 48 division of 57 rupture of. 47 Tennis-elbow, 47 Teno-synovitis, acute, 339 of tibialis posticus, 359 of wrist, 7 0 8, 711 peroneal, 359 tuberculous, 345 Teratoma, 410 Testicle, absence of, 637 hydrocele of, 644 injuries of, 178 irritable, 656 neuralgia of, 656 small, 637 swellings of, 646, 650 torsion of, 661 tumours of, 652 undescended 537, 67 0 inflamed, 671 tumour of, 512 Tetanus, 30 Theca vertebralis. injury of, 112 Thigh, injuries of, 203 Thoracic duct, wound of, 142 Thorax, concussion of, 137 rupture of large vessels of, 136 Thrill, 277 Thrombosis, 30 femoral, postoperative, 590 infective, 98 _ of cavernous sinus, 38b of lateral sinus, 379 of mesenteric vessels, 548 of spermatic veins, 661 postoperative, 589 venous, 50, 240 Thrombus, 261 Thrush, 420 Thyro-glossal cyst-s, 459 duct, patent, 465 Thyroid gland, diseases of, 468 malignancy, 283 Tibia and fibula, fracture of, 209 dislocation of, 206 fracture of, 206, 210, 215 Toes, dislocation of, 215 fracture of. 215 Tongue, affections of, non- ulcerative, 449 epithelioma of, 454 epitheliomatous ulcer of, 453 examination of, 451 mucous cysts of, 455 papilloma of, 453 tumours of, 451. 45 3 ulcers of, 447, 451 Tonsil, hypertrophy of, 435 tumours of, 437 ulcers of, 437 Tonsillitis, acute, 436 follicular, 436 Torticollis, 466 Trachea, rupture of, 121 Transillumination, 425 Translucency, 228 Traumatic arteritis, 49 oephalhydrocele, 285 cyanosis, 137 fever, 26 gangrene, 307 spreading, 308 meningocele, 36, 73 myositis, 144 neurasthenia, 99 pneumonia. 147 synovitis, 46 736 INDEX Traumatic tumours, 242 ulcer, 293 Treatment, results of, diag- nostic significance of, 97 Trigeminal nerve, injury of, 96 Trismus, acute, 390 chronic, 391 reflex, 391 Trochlear nerve, injury of, 96 Trophic changes from inju- ries to nerves, 52 gangi'one. 312 lesions in gan.grene, 306 ulcer. 2 94, 715 Tuberculosis, 4 ■ of bone. 322 of glands. 265 ■ of hip, 353 ■ of joints, 340 — of kidney, 701 of spine, 402, 405 Tuberculous abscess, 458 of muscle, 268 of spine, 402 ■ ■ arthritis, 340 bursitis, 344 — cvstitts, 692 dactylitis. 710 deposits. 265 nephritis, 701 orchitis, 651 osteo-myelitis, 368 periostitis, 322 ■ peritonitis, 511 synovitis 340 teno-synovitis, 345 ulcer, 296 Tumour, Brodic's. 485 Tumours, abdominal, exam- ination of, 495 adhesion of, to surrounding tissues, 217 • age of patient and, 251 — — cachexia and, 253 carotid, 462 • cerebellar, 374 oerebello-pontine, 374 cerebral, 371 chronic, 240 colour of skin and, 234 concomitant affections and, 253 consrcnital, 236 consistency of, alteration in. 246 desmoid. .193 - — effect of, on tissues, 248 Tumours, evidence of malign- ancy of, 247 examination of, 255 exploration of, 254 extraspina.l, 409 fajcal, 621 fluctuating, 269 history of, 270 seat of, 269 fluctuation wave in, 223 foetal. 410 form of, 227 forming rapidly, 236 ■ slowly, 240 • growth of, 245 history of patient and, 252 incision of, ?54 inguino-.scrotal, 657 intermittent, 243 intracranial, 371 ■ intrascrotal, 638 ■ lobulated, 227 malignant, fluctuation in, 272 mesenteric, 511. 5 21 • mobility of. 220 mode of growth of, 245 occupation and. 252 oedema in, 224 of abdominal wall, 492 of alimentary canal, 512 of antrum of Highmore, 390 • of bladder, 506, 694 of bone, acute, 318 changes in bone in, 316 chronic, 320 history in, 313 ■ physical characters of, 317 position of. 316 X-rays in. 315 of breast. 476 of broad lisnmcnt. 507, 518 of carotid body, 462 ■ of cellular tissue, 258 of cerebellum, 374 of cerebrum. 371 of colon. 509. 511 of crUH cerebri. 373 of gnll-bladder. 504, 515 • of enms. .;83 — — of hen 1. 364 of h.ypophysi.'?, 374 of internal capsule, 373 of intestine, 521 INDEX 737 Tumours of jaw, 386 of lips, 419 of kidney, 505. 7 02 of liver, 503, 508, 513 of lymphatic glands, 263 . of medulla. 374 of iuus<;le, 267 of neok, acute, 456 chronic, fluid, 458 . solid, 460 . malignant, 460 . pulsating. 463 of nose, 429 of cesophagus, 443 of omenta, 510 of optic thalamus, 373 of ovary, 507, 519 of palate, 433 of pancrea.s, 510,520, 5 81 of parotid gland, 418 malignant, 418 of pelvic wall. 508 of penis, 626 of pharynx, 439 of pons, 373, 374 of prostate, 590 of pylorus, 509, 519, 576 of rectum. 616 of scalp, 365 of scrotum, 632 of skin. 256 of skull, 369 of spermatic cord, 662 of spinal cord, 411 of spine, 408 of spleen, 505, 517 of testicle, 652 • undescended, 512 of tliyroid gland, 468 of tongue, 453 ■ . of tonsil, 435 of uterus, 507 517 omental, 520 opacity of, to X-rays, 229 over aneurysm, 284 over artery, 285 pain of, 248 ■ pathological changes in, 246 phantom, 502 physical characters of, 221 pigmented, 235 pitting of. Oil pressure, 224 posture and, 231 pressure and, 232 cRcctfi of. 248 progress of, 243 Tumours, pulsating, 283 bruit and thrill in. 277 diagnostic signs of, 280 position of, 274 pulsation in. 233 puncture of, 254 reducibility of, 230 retraction of, 228 retroperitoneal, 512, 52 2 sacral, congenital, 410 situation of. 216 solid, 225 translucency of, 228 ti-aumatic, 242 ulcerations of, 246 vascularity of tskm and, 234 vital characters of, 236 Tunica vaginalis, 640 swellings of, 640, 64 3 Tympanites, 533 Typhoid periostitis, 322 Ulcerated sebaceous cyst, 368 Ulcers, actinomycotic, 296 age and, 291 aphthous, 420 base of, 287 ■ condition of, 291 discharge from, 289 duodenal, 577 perforated, 542 eczematous, 293 edge of, 288 features of, 287 form of, 290 gastric, 574 perforated, 541 gouty, 294, 295 gummatous, 625 healing, 292 malignant, 297 mode of origin of, 290 number of, 290 of bone, 324 of groin, 663 of lip, 413 of palate. 433 of peni.s, 662 of rectum, 614 of seal)), 367 of scrotum, 634 of tongue, 447, 451 of tonsil, 437 of vulva, 629 peptic (of mouth), 431 Ulcerated sebaceous cyst, 368 Ulcers, perforating, 541 . of foot, 294, 715 position of, 289 pyogenic, 293 rodent, 257, 297, 415 spreading, 291 stationary, 292 ■ syphilitic. 294, 431 traumatic, 293 — trophic, 2 94, 715 tuberculous, 296 varicose, 293 Ulna, fractures of, 190, 192 Umbilicus, congenital atlec- tions of. 491 fistula of, 491 tumours of, 492 Undescended testicle, 637, 670 tumours of, 512 Urachal fistula, 491 Ureter, calculus in, 700 rupture of, 164 Ureteral calculus, 700 Urethra, examination of, 686 foreign bodies in, 177 laceration of, 174 stricture of, 588 Urethral calculus, 689 caruncle, 628 fever, 704 Urethritis, 621 Urethroscope, 687 Urinary cyst, 164 diseases, pain in, signifi- cance of, 673 fistula, 665 Urine, albumin in, 681 alterations in, 106 blood in, 682 examination of, 681 incontinence of, 104 mucus in, 685 pus in, 685 retention of, 679 Uterus, contusion of, 158 rupture of, 158 tumours of, 507, 517 Vagina, foreign bodies in, 177 Vaginitis, 628 follicular, 629 Warts, 256 in nose, 429 on gum, 383 on penis, 626 on tongue, 453 Wassermann reaction, 267 ct Whitlow, 709 Wounds, abdominal, 164 sequelos of, 168 contused, 56 flap, 56 incised. 56 incomplete repair of, 67 infected, 5 7, 67 lacerated, 56 of bursa or synovial sheath, 61 of chest, 137 of ducts. 62 of joint, 61 of lung, 141 of neck, 118 of parietal vessel, 139 • of pelvic viscera. 176 of pericardium, 141 of pleura. 140 of serous cavity, 61 of spine, 112 punctured, 56 unhealed. 67 Wrist, acute inflammation of. 708 and hand, fracture of, 191 INDEX 739 Wrist, dislocation of, 193 - tuberculosis of, 71U Wry-neck, 466 X-raye and collargol in dis- eases of urinary or- gans. 692, 695, 697. 699, 702, 704 and opaque meal in ab- dominal tu- mours, 509 in dilated sto- mach, 577 — in diseases of oesophagus, 441 in duodenal ul- cer, 577 in gastric aflec- tions, 572. 576, 577 . . in intestinal ob- struction, 560 . — in stenosis of colon, 579 in abdominal aflections, 4 9 9 , 539 124, X-rays in aneurysm of aorta, in ankylosis, 360 in bone injuries, 37, 33 in diseases of gums- 38Z of joints, 3 31, 342, 344, 352, 359 . of spine, 399 . in dislocations, 44 in foreign bodies, 1*3, 178 . in fractures, 39, 179, 191 in gunshot injuries, 112, in pancreatic calculus, 5bl . in psoas abscess, 402 - in renal calculus,695, 6 9 9 . in tuberculous dactylitis, 710 in tumours, 229 . abdominal, 499 . cranial, 3 6 5 , 370 of bone, 315, 318, 407 in ureteral calculus, 700 ■ in vesical calculus, 693 in wounds, 55 Printed in England by Cassell & Company, Limited,' London, E.C.4. 40.823 The University Library Leeds Staff and Research Students Date issued Other Readers Date due fot return ^ 5 FEB 1951 • ' i:.,. 1954 <Callout type="tip" title="Fracture Types">Fractures can be categorized as splintered, spontaneous, or traumatic. Understanding the type of fracture is crucial for proper treatment.</Callout> <Callout type="warning" title="Ruptured Aneurysm">A ruptured aneurysm can lead to severe internal bleeding and is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.</Callout> <Callout type="important" title="X-ray Usage">X-rays are invaluable in diagnosing fractures, dislocations, and other bone injuries. They provide critical information for treatment planning.</Callout> <Callout type="risk" title="Infection Risks">Infections can occur after wounds or surgeries. Proper hygiene and prompt medical attention are essential to prevent complications.</Callout>
Key Takeaways
- Fractures and dislocations require careful diagnosis and treatment.
- X-rays are essential for diagnosing bone injuries.
- Proper wound care is crucial to prevent infections.
- Different types of fractures (e.g., splintered, spontaneous) have distinct treatments.
- Traumatic injuries often involve multiple complications that need immediate attention.
Practical Tips
- Always keep a basic first aid kit with splints and bandages for treating minor fractures or dislocations.
- Learn to recognize the signs of infection in wounds, such as redness, swelling, and increased pain.
- Understand the importance of immobilizing injuries properly to prevent further damage before seeking medical help.
Warnings & Risks
- Be cautious when handling sharp objects that could cause puncture or laceration injuries.
- Do not attempt to treat complex fractures without professional medical assistance.
- Avoid applying pressure directly to open wounds to prevent infection and further injury.
Modern Application
While the techniques described in this chapter are historical, the principles of fracture treatment, wound care, and the importance of X-rays remain crucial for modern survival preparedness. Understanding these basics can help in immediate response situations until professional medical assistance is available.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What types of fractures are mentioned in the chapter?
The chapter mentions several types of fractures, including splintered fractures, spontaneous fractures, and traumatic fractures. Each type requires specific treatment approaches.
Q: How can X-rays be used to diagnose bone injuries according to this chapter?
X-rays are described as invaluable for diagnosing various bone injuries such as fractures, dislocations, and other conditions. They provide critical information necessary for proper treatment planning.
Q: What is the importance of X-ray usage in fracture diagnosis?
X-rays are essential for identifying the nature and extent of bone injuries accurately. They help in determining the appropriate treatment plan and monitoring recovery progress.